emperor rise of the middle kingdom se special edition

The wise sage advised that taxes should be related to the income and expenditure of the subject. Manu, the ancient sage and law-giver stated that the king could levy taxes, according to Sastras. There are references both in Manu Smriti and Arthasastra to a variety of tax measures. In India, the system of direct taxation as it is known today, has been in force in one form or another even from ancient times. These levies and taxes in various forms and on various commodities and professions were imposed to meet the needs of the Governments to meet their military and civil expenditure and not only to ensure safety to the subjects but also to meet the common needs of the citizens like maintenance of roads, administration of justice and such other functions of the State. Later on, these were supplemented by introduction of poll taxes, and indirect taxes known as 'Ancient Customs' which were duties on wool, leather and hides. In Northern England, taxes were levied on land and on moveable property such as the Saladin title in 1188. For many centuries, revenue from taxes went to the Monarch. In Greece, Germany and Roman Empires, taxes were also levied sometime on the basis of turnover and sometimes on occupations. Nearly 2000 years ago, there went out a decree from Ceaser Augustus that all the world should be taxed. These were levied either on the sale and purchase of merchandise or livestock and were collected in a haphazard manner from time to time. The origin of the word 'Tax' is from 'Taxation' which means an estimate. It is a matter of general belief that taxes on income and wealth are of recent origin but there is enough evidence to show that taxes on income in some form or the other were levied even in primitive and ancient communities.

Kalidas in Raghuvansh eulogizing KING DALIP. 'It was only for the good of his subjects that he collected taxes from them, just as the Sun draws moisture from the Earth to give it back a thousand fold' –

Emperor rise of the middle kingdom se special edition